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Plasma transthyretin is a nutritional biomarker in human morbidities

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 4, Pages 540-550 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0940-3

Abstract: Transthyretin (TTR) is a small liver-secreted plasma protein that shows close correlations with changes in lean body mass (LBM) during the entire human lifespan and agglomerates the bulk of nitrogen (N)-containing substrates, hence constituting the cornerstone of body building. Amino acids (AAs) dietary restriction causes inhibition of TTR production and impairs the accretion of LBM reserves. Inflammatory disorders result in cytokine-induced abrogation of TTR synthesis and urinary leakage of nitrogenous catabolites. Taken together, the data indicate that malnutrition and inflammation may similarly suppress the production of TTR through distinct and unrelated pathophysiological mechanisms while operating in concert to downsize LBM stores. The hepatic synthesis of TTR integrates both machineries, acting as a marker of reduced LBM resources still available for defense and repair processes. TTR operates as a universal surrogate analyte that allows for the grading of residual LBM capacity to reflect disease burden. Measurement of TTR is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive micro-method that may be reproduced on a daily basis, hence ideally suited for the follow-up of the most intricated clinical situations and as a reliable predictor of any morbidity outcome.

Keywords： lean body mass nutritional status transthyretin malnutrition inflammation amyloidosis

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USING NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE RUMINAL METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RUMINANTS

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 390-402 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023504

Abstract:

● Microbial fermentation in the rumen is a main source of methane emissions.

Keywords： nutritional strategy mitigation microbe methane ruminant

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Transgenic technologies in cassava for nutritional improvement and viral disease resistance: a key strategy

Maliwan NACONSIE,Peng ZHANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 285-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016119

Abstract: Genetic engineering provides promising approaches to improve nutritional value and increase resistance

Keywords： Manihot esculenta protein enhancement RNA interference transgenesis virus resistance

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Autophagy and the nutritional signaling pathway

Long HE,Shabnam ESLAMFAM,Xi MA,Defa LI

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 222-230 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016106

Abstract: During their growth and development, animals adapt to tremendous changes in order to survive. These include responses to both environmental and physiological changes and autophagy is one of most important adaptive and regulatory mechanisms. Autophagy is defined as an autolytic process to clear damaged cellular organelles and recycle the nutrients via lysosomic degradation. The process of autophagy responds to special conditions such as nutrient withdrawal. Once autophagy is induced, phagophores form and then elongate and curve to form autophagosomes. Autophagosomes then engulf cargo, fuse with endosomes, and finally fuse with lysosomes for maturation. During the initiation process, the ATG1/ULK1 (unc-51-like kinase 1) and VPS34 (which encodes a class III phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase) complexes are critical in recruitment and assembly of other complexes required for autophagy. The process of autophagy is regulated by autophagy related genes (ATGs). Amino acid and energy starvation mediate autophagy by activating mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is the energy status sensor, the core nutrient signaling component and the metabolic kinase of cells. This review mainly focuses on the mechanism of autophagy regulated by nutrient signaling especially for the two important complexes, ULK1 and VPS34.

Keywords： Autophagy ULK1 complex VPS34 complex AMPK mTOR nutrient signaling

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The Nutritional Support After Liver Transplantation

Fei Jia,Leng Xisheng,Peng Jirun

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 12, Pages 24-29

Abstract:

The nutritional state of the recipient of liver transplantation, the determination and the correctionof the nutritional state before surgery, the function of the liver graft, the principle and practiceof the nutritional support after surgery and the nutritional support in child undergone transplantation

Keywords： liver transplantation after surgery nutritional support

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Foxtail millet: nutritional and eating quality, and prospects for genetic improvement

Lu HE,Bin ZHANG,Xingchun WANG,Hongying LI,Yuanhuai HAN

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 124-133 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015054

Abstract: It also has high nutritional value.

Keywords： foxtail millet grain quality quality evaluation breeding for quality

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Achievements in burn surgery over the past 50 years in China

WANG Shiliang

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 332-336 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0063-5

Abstract: burns, resuscitation, anti-infection, prevention and cure of internal organ injuries, metabolic and nutritional

Keywords： immunology scientific nutritional microbiology engineering

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Managing soil quality for humanity and the planet

Rattan LAL

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 251-253 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020329

Abstract:

Rather than a human-centric, the basic strategy of achieving Sustainable Development Goals must be focused on restoring and sustaining planetary processes. The urgency of meeting the demands of the humanity must be reconciled with the necessity of enhancing the environment. Increasing and restoring soil organic matter content of the degraded and depleted soils is critical to strengthening planetary processes.

Keywords： soil quality humanity planet climate change soil carbon sequestration food and nutritional security

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National Food Security Strategy in the New Situation

Tan Guangwan, Wang Xiudong, Wang Jimin, Mei Xurong, Liu Xu

Strategic Study of CAE 2023, Volume 25, Issue 4, Pages 1-13 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.005

Abstract: address the prominent problems regarding food security in China in terms of farmland, supply chain, nutritional structure, systemic risk, and technological innovation, we propose the establishment of an all-encompassingexpand food supply chains, and enhance risk control, thereby ensuring the quantity, quality, and nutritional

Keywords： food security an all-encompassing approach to food food supply chain nutritional structure food derogation

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Dietary Lipid Intervention in the Prevention of Brain Aging

Wei Xiong,Bing Fang,Xiaoyu Wang,Ming Zhang,Min Du,Jiazeng Sun,Juan Chen,Yixuan Li,Changhao Sun,Xingen Lei,Xue Zhang,Fazheng Ren,

Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.012

Abstract: This review summarizes the important roles of dietary lipids in brain function from both structure and

Keywords： Brain aging Nutritional intervention Phospholipids Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylserine Plasmalogen

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Genetic variation of carotenoids in Chinese bread wheat cultivars and the effect of the 1BL.1RS translocation

Wenshuang LI,Shengnan ZHAI,Hui JIN,Weie WEN,Jindong LIU,Xianchun XIA,Zhonghu HE

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 124-130 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016094

Abstract: Carotenoid content of wheat is an important criterion for prediction of the commercial and nutritional

Keywords： Triticum aestivum carotenoids nutritional quality UPLC

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Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1419-1

Abstract:

• Pore structure affects biologically activated carbon performance.

Keywords： Granular activated carbon Biologically activated carbon filter Bacterial community structure Porestructure

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Hierarchical fractal structure of perfect single-layer graphene

T. Zhang, K. Ding

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 371-382 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0279-1

Abstract:

The atomic lattice structure of perfect single-layer graphene that can actually be regarded as a kindof hierarchical fractal structure from the perspective of fractal geometry was studied for the firstThree novel and special discoveries on hierarchical fractal structure and sets were unveiled upon examinationThe interior fractal-type structure was discovered to be the fifth space-filling curve from physicalA fundamental example of a multi-fractal structure was also presented.

Keywords： hierarchical fractal structure fractal dimension the fifth space-filling curve multi-fractal structure

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Floating forest: A novel breakwater-windbreak structure against wind and wave hazards

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5, Pages 1111-1127 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0757-1

Abstract: A novel floating breakwater-windbreak structure (floating forest) has been designed for the protectionThe modular arch-shaped concrete structure is positioned perpendicularly to the direction of the prevailingThe structure below the water surface acts as a porous breakwater with wave scattering capability.

Keywords： floating structure breakwater windbreak hydrodynamic CFD

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Bicontinuous porous membranes with micro-nano composite structure using a facile atomization-assisted

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 8, Pages 1268-1280 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2143-5

Abstract: The micro-nano composite structure can endow separation membranes with special surface properties, butusing this method, a bicontinuous porous microfiltration membrane with robust micro-nano composite structureThe formation mechanism of the micro-nano composite structure was proposed.

Keywords： atomization nonsolvent induced phase separation bicontinuous porous structure micro-nano compositestructure oil-water separation